Examples of abstracts
An example abstract from a chemistry report
ABSTRACT
In this experiment, chromatography was used to analyse amino acids
in solution. Standards were used to identify unknown amino acids
in a mixture. Ascending layer chromatography
with an isopropanol-based solvent was used to separate the amino
acids, which were then detected with ninhydrin. The
unknown mixture analysed was found to contain aspartate and histidine.
It was observed that hydrophobic amino acids were most mobile.
This technique was shown to be an
effective way of analysing unknown mixtures of amino acids.
A mechanism for ninhydrin binding
to amino acids is proposed, based on observations from this experiment. |
Description aim/
objective
Method
Results
Conclusion
Further
conclusion |
An example abstract from an Engineering scientific report
A detailed comparison
of the properties and microstructures of conventionally sintered
and microwave sintered samples of 3 mol% and 8 mol% yttria zirconia
was performed. Identical thermal profiles
were used for both types of heating. For both
materials, microwave heating was found to enhance the densification
processes which occur during constant rate heating.
The 3 mol% yttria zirconia material
exhibited a shift in the grain size/density relationship which favours
densification, resulting in higher density samples with smaller
grain sizes at densities below 96% of theoretical density. At higher
densities, significant grain growth occurs. For
the 8 mol% yttria zirconia material, the grain size / density relationship
remained unchanged. Differences in the response of the two materials
are attributed to the differences in the activation energy for grain
growth, and in grain boundary mobility. Modulus
of rupture and toughness of both microwave and conventionally sintered
samples were similar. Following isothermal heating at 13000C, microwave
heated samples were found to be significantly more dense than conventionally
heated samples. This temperature also restricted grain growth once
densification was approaching completion. These
findings have significant implications for the commercial application
of microwave sintering. It appears that this method of sintering
produces a superior product to conventional sintering. |
Aim of the research
Method
Summary of overall results
Detailed result for one of the experiment's
samples
Detailed result for the other of the experiment's
samples
Further results (comparison of two methods
of sintering)
Significance of the results |
An example of an abstract from a biology report
Footnote
Many plants in Australia have their
seeds buried in order for the species to survive fires. The seeds
start to germinate under the soil at certain temperatures. Seeds
of Acacia terminalis and Dillwynia floribunda were examined in this
experiment. It was
hypothesised that the seeds need heat for the germination to start.Seeds
of the two species were treated in hot and cold water and left to
start germinating. Acacia
terminalis showed a significant response in germination after the
hot water treatment while Dillwynia floribunda did not. Neither
seed showed a response in germination after cold water treatment.
The results for Dillwynia
floribunda were unexpected but may be explained by factors such
as water temperature and the length of time the seeds remained in
the heated water. |
Background Information
Outline of what was investigated in this experiment
Hypothesis
Summary of Method
Summary of Results
Summary of Discussion |
Nystrom, B
(unpublished manuscript) University of Wollongong.
© Copyright
2000
Comments and questions should
be directed to Unilearning@uow.edu.au
|